Dog Castration عملية الخصي عند الكلاب موضوع كامل مع الصور

Castration is the surgical removal of the testicles. Reasons for castration include the following:

Eliminate the reproduction potential

Reduce sexual activity

Reduce tendency to roam and fight

Reduce general level of agression

Eliminate testicular cancer

Resolve disease of the prostate gland

The best age for castration is between six and twelve months of age. At
this age the procedure is very low risk and easy to perform. It is also
at this age that diseases of the prostate and testicles are virtually
non-existant; bad habbits such as marking have not started, and
unwanted pregnancies have not added to the overpopulation of the pet
world. If your dog is not to be used as a valued breeder, early
castration is the responsible thing to do. It could save your dogs life
and make him a much more desirable housemate.

After a careful examination, the pet is put under general anesthesia.
The best method is inhalent anesthesia since it is much more
controlable than injectible anesthesia. The patients also recover
without the prolonged "hangover" of injectible drugs. We like
Isoflurane gas the best. It is totally metabolized by the lungs and is
kind to the liver and kidneys. Even though it is a little more
expensive than other anesthetics we think the fast recovery time and
increased safety are worth it.

Induction of anesthesia by mask technique.

After induction, an endotracheal tube is positioned within the trachea
(windpipe) to deliver the anesthetic gas and oxygen; to keep the pet
from aspirating saliva and to provide direct control of respiration if
needed.

Shaving the surgical site to remove hair which might contaminate the area and cause infection.

The area is now clipped and ready for sterile preparation. We are
looking at the dog positioned upside down with the rear legs towards
the camera.

The surgical site is scrubbed with disinfectant soap solutions to remove dirt and debris and kill surface bacteria on the skin.

In keeping with sterile procedure, all instruments are autoclaved to
kill off bacteria and spores. The instruments remain wrapped within a
surgical "pack" until needed by the surgeon.

This is what we see when the instrument pack is opened.

Sterile drapes have been applied and clamped in position. These further
minimize any chance of contamination of the surgical site from
surrounding bacteria and dirt. The only area left open is that which is
required to do the procedure. Notice the surgeon now has sterile gloves
on to prevent contamination of the site from his skin bacteria. Before
putting on the sterile gloves the surgeon scrubs his hands with a
disinfectant soap to minimize skin bacteria, just in case a glove is
pricked.

We are now making the skin incision to expose the testicle. This is
about a 1" incission just in front of the scrotum over the shaft of the
penis. The scrotum is on the left under the hand.

Notice the testicle beginning to pop out of the skin incision (Just to the left of the scalpel).

Further exposure of the testicle from the skin incision.

The testicle is above the thumb and the cord leading into the body
contains the following structures: vas deferens ( tube that carries
sperm to the penis), pampiniform plexus (a network of blood vessels
that surround the vas deferens and keep the sperm at constant
temperature), and internal cremaster muscle which regulates the
proximity of the testicle to the body to regulate sperm temperature).
In a "closed procedure" a ligation or tie is placed around this entire
structure, it is then cut and released freeing the testicle. We do not
use this inferior method. We use what is referred to as an "open
technique

In the "open technique" the testicle is elevated from the surface of
the skin and is opened to expose the vas deferens, cremaster muscle and
pampiniform plexus. Although the "open technique" takes a little more
time, this is the best way to perform a castration. Each structure is
tied or ligated separately. This is opposed to the "closed technique"
where a single ligation (tie) is put around all the above mentioned
structures. With a "closed technique" drainage complications can occur
post surgery and you can never be as sure that all the internal
structures are tied off securely as with the "open technique". We like
the "open technique" best.

Making the first ligation or tie. This is done with an absorbable
suture material that is securely tied around the vas deferens and
pampiniform plexus. In the weeks following surgery the material will be
completely absorbed by the body after it has performed its' task of
preventing any internal blood leakage.

Once the ligations have been made, the structure is cut and the
remaining stump is checked for bleeding before being released into the
body.

The stump is held with forceps until we are sure the ligature is tight and no bleeding will occur.

In this view we are ligating the internal cremaster muscle and
pampiniform plexus. The cremaster muscle can have a significant artery
within it that if left untied can allow severe blood loss. This is the
final ligation that will free the testicle for removal.

In this view the testicles have been removed and we are beginning to
close the skin incision. We use what is called a buried subcuticular
suture pattern. This pattern allows all suture material to be inside
the incision. This leaves no outside sutures for the animal to lick,
get infected and cause soreness. It takes a little more time than
external sutures or merely gluing the incision shut, but we like to do
it in the best manner for the pet.

Tying the suture.

The incision is now closed, but some tiny gaps are seen between sutures.

Any gaps are cemented shut using an instant curing medical glue. Many
"cheap" facilities use no sutures and only glue. This is inferior in
strength to suturing and gluing.

The incision is closed. Notice that there are no external sutures to
irritate the pet. In 4 to 6 weeks the suture material will be absorbed
by the body and scarring is almost non-existant. At this point we
awaken the animal and keep them caged for the remainder of the day for
observation. If all is well, we send the pet home at the end of the day.

Things to watch for at home:

The number one complication is licking and chewing at the incision
site. Normally this does not occur due to the suture pattern we use in
closure, but occasionally we have to apply an Elizabethan Collar to
prevent he dog from reaching the site.

We suggest "leash only" exercise for 24 to 36 hours after surgery. This
ensures that the pet will not break open the incision while running.

We ask owners to look underneath their dog once a day for the first 4
or 5 days after surgery. If signs of chewing are seen or any seepage or
swelling occur, we want to know immediately.

Normally our patients leave in good spirits, wide awake and ready to
enjoy the family. They may sleep lots the first night home. By the
second day you will never know they had anything done.

What to look for when considering surgery for your pet.

I would want to make sure that my pet was the only one operated on with
the sterile instrument pack. I have actually worked for practices that
operated on more than one animal with an instrument pack.

Look for quality. Ask the right questions. What type of anesthetic do
they use? Gas is best, but more expensive than injectible anesthesia.
How is the procedure performed? Are they there for hi quality or hi
production? I would want the very best for my pet.

Don't go for the lowest bidder. We have people price shopping every
day. All they want to know is the bottom line and rarely ask how the
procedure is accomplished. Generally, in surgery, like anything else
you get exactly what you pay for. I don't think it's beyond reason to
have your questions answered before a surgery is undertaken.

_

In the "open technique" the testicle is elevated from the surface of
the skin and is opened to expose the vas deferens, cremaster muscle and
pampiniform plexus. Although the "open technique" takes a little more
time, this is the best way to perform a castration. Each structure is
tied or ligated separately. This is opposed to the "closed technique"
where a single ligation (tie) is put around all the above mentioned
structures. With a "closed technique" drainage complications can occur
post surgery and you can never be as sure that all the internal
structures are tied off securely as with the "open technique". We like
the "open technique" best.

Making the first ligation or tie. This is done with an absorbable
suture material that is securely tied around the vas deferens and
pampiniform plexus. In the weeks following surgery the material will be
completely absorbed by the body after it has performed its' task of
preventing any internal blood leakage.

Once the ligations have been made, the structure is cut and the
remaining stump is checked for bleeding before being released into the
body.

The stump is held with forceps until we are sure the ligature is tight and no bleeding will occur.

In this view we are ligating the internal cremaster muscle and
pampiniform plexus. The cremaster muscle can have a significant artery
within it that if left untied can allow severe blood loss. This is the
final ligation that will free the testicle for removal.

In this view the testicles have been removed and we are beginning to
close the skin incision. We use what is called a buried subcuticular
suture pattern. This pattern allows all suture material to be inside
the incision. This leaves no outside sutures for the animal to lick,
get infected and cause soreness. It takes a little more time than
external sutures or merely gluing the incision shut, but we like to do
it in the best manner for the pet.

Tying the suture.

The incision is now closed, but some tiny gaps are seen between sutures.

Any gaps are cemented shut using an instant curing medical glue. Many
"cheap" facilities use no sutures and only glue. This is inferior in
strength to suturing and gluing.

The incision is closed. Notice that there are no external sutures to
irritate the pet. In 4 to 6 weeks the suture material will be absorbed
by the body and scarring is almost non-existant. At this point we
awaken the animal and keep them caged for the remainder of the day for
observation. If all is well, we send the pet home at the end of the day.

Things to watch for at home:

The number one complication is licking and chewing at the incision
site. Normally this does not occur due to the suture pattern we use in
closure, but occasionally we have to apply an Elizabethan Collar to
prevent he dog from reaching the site.

We suggest "leash only" exercise for 24 to 36 hours after surgery. This
ensures that the pet will not break open the incision while running.

We ask owners to look underneath their dog once a day for the first 4
or 5 days after surgery. If signs of chewing are seen or any seepage or
swelling occur, we want to know immediately.

Normally our patients leave in good spirits, wide awake and ready to
enjoy the family. They may sleep lots the first night home. By the
second day you will never know they had anything done.

What to look for when considering surgery for your pet.

I would want to make sure that my pet was the only one operated on with
the sterile instrument pack. I have actually worked for practices that
operated on more than one animal with an instrument pack.

Look for quality. Ask the right questions. What type of anesthetic do
they use? Gas is best, but more expensive than injectible anesthesia.
How is the procedure performed? Are they there for hi quality or hi
production? I would want the very best for my pet.

Don't go for the lowest bidder. We have people price shopping every
day. All they want to know is the bottom line and rarely ask how the
procedure is accomplished. Generally, in surgery, like anything else
you get exactly what you pay for. I don't think it's beyond reason to
have your questions answered before a surgery is undertaken.

» كل أمراض الكلاب وعلاجها
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